Is Practical Reasoning Presumptive ? University of Copenhagen
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چکیده
Douglas Walton has done extensive and valuable work on the concepts of presumption and practical reasoning. However, Walton’s attempt to model practical reasoning as presumptive is misguided. The notions of “inference” and of the burden of proof shifting back and forth between proponent and respondent are misleading and lead to counterintuitive consequences. Because the issue in practical reasoning is a proposal, not a proposition, there are, in the standard case, several perfectly good reasons on both sides simultaneously, which implies that argument appraisal necessarily contains a subjective element—a fact argumentation theory needs to conceptualize. Résumé: Douglas Walton a fait un travail considérable et précieux sur les concepts de présomption et de raisonnement pratique. Toutefois, ses tentatives de baser le raisonnement pratique sur le raisonnement présomptif sont peu judicieuses. Les notions d’inférence et de charge de preuve échangée entre un partisan et un adversaire sont trompeuses et mènent à des conséquences contreintuitives. Puisqu’un raisonnement pratique concentre sur une offre et non sur une proposition, il y a dans les cas typiques diverses raisons parfaitement acceptables qui appuient les positions opposées, ce qui implique que l’évaluation d’un argument contient nécessairement un élément subjectif—un fait que la théorie d’argumentation a besoin de conceptualiser. © Informal Logic Vol. 27, No. 1 (2007): pp. 91-108.
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تاریخ انتشار 2008